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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmait</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-8999</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2587-8999-2026-10-1-37-49</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmait-223</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELLING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Полуэмпирическая параметризация вертикально-неоднородного турбулентного обмена в стратифицированных мелководных водоёмах на основе натурных данных</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Semi-Empirical Parameterization of Vertically Inhomogeneous Turbulent Exchange in Stratified Shallow Water Bodies Based on In Situ Data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9656-8466</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проценко</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsenko</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Софья Владимировна Проценко, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, научный сотрудник</p><p>кафедра математики</p><p>347936; ул. Инициативная, 48; Таганрог</p><p>SPIN-код</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sofia V. Protsenko, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Research Fellow</p><p>Department of Mathematics</p><p>Taganrog</p><p>SPIN-код</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rab55555@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7911-3558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Проценко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protsenko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Анатольевна Проценко, кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>кафедра математики</p><p>347936;  ул. Инициативная, 48; Таганрог</p><p>SPIN-код</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena A. Protsenko, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow</p><p>Department of Mathematics</p><p>Taganrog</p><p>SPIN-код</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eapros@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Таганрогский институт имени А.П. Чехова (филиал) РГЭУ (РИНХ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Taganrog Institute named after A.P. Chekhov (branch) of RSUE<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Проценко С.В., Проценко Е.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Проценко С.В., Проценко Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Protsenko S.V., Protsenko E.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cmit-journal.ru/jour/article/view/223">https://www.cmit-journal.ru/jour/article/view/223</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Турбулентное перемешивание в стратифицированных мелководных водоёмах играет ключевую роль в формировании гидрофизической структуры, определяя перенос импульса, тепла и растворённых веществ. Несмотря на развитие моделей турбулентности, существующие параметризации недостаточно точно воспроизводят вертикально-неоднородную структуру турбулентного обмена, особенно в условиях сложной термохалинной стратификации и нестационарных течений.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В работе использованы натурные данные, полученные в ходе экспедиционных исследований в Азовском море и Таганрогском заливе. Измерения температуры, солёности и плотности выполнялись с использованием CTD-зонда Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 19plus, а трёхмерные компоненты скорости — с помощью акустического доплеровского профилографа ADCP Workhorse Sentinel 600. На основе полученных данных рассчитывались вертикальные градиенты плотности и скорости, пульсационные характеристики течений, а также параметры устойчивости стратификации. Разработана полуэмпирическая параметризация коэффициентов турбулентной вязкости и диффузии, учитывающая сдвиговые характеристики потока, число Ричардсона и пульсации вертикальной скорости.</p><p>   Результаты исследования. Предложена новая параметризация вертикально-неоднородного турбулентного обмена, основанная на использовании синхронных натурных данных. Показано, что включение пульсационных характеристик скорости и термохалинных градиентов позволяет адекватно учитывать локальные механизмы генерации и подавления турбулентности. Проведено сравнение с классическими моделями (k–ε, k–ω, модель Смагоринского), продемонстрировавшее улучшение точности воспроизведения вертикальных профилей скорости и плотности. Снижение среднеквадратической ошибки составляет до 30–40 %, а значения коэффициента Нэша-Сатклиффа превышают 0,8.</p></sec><sec><title>   Обсуждение</title><p>   Обсуждение. Установлено, что предложенная параметризация более точно описывает вертикальную структуру турбулентного обмена за счёт прямого использования измеряемых характеристик среды. В отличие от традиционных моделей, она обеспечивает выраженную вертикальную неоднородность коэффициентов обмена и корректно воспроизводит зоны стратификации. Ограничения подхода связаны с зависимостью от качества натурных данных и отсутствием явного учёта нестационарных и волновых процессов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Разработана и реализована полуэмпирическая параметризация турбулентного обмена, основанная на натурных данных высокого разрешения. Показано её преимущество по сравнению с классическими моделями при моделировании стратифицированных течений. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в гидродинамических моделях для повышения точности прогноза турбулентного перемешивания и транспорта примесей в мелководных морских бассейнах.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Turbulent mixing in stratified shallow water bodies plays a key role in the formation of hydrophysical structure, governing the transport of momentum, heat, and dissolved substances. Despite advances in turbulence modelling, existing parameterizations often fail to accurately reproduce the vertically inhomogeneous structure of turbulent exchange, especially under complex thermohaline stratification and unsteady flow conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and Methods</title><p>   Materials and Methods. The study is based on in situ data obtained during field campaigns in the Sea of Azov and the Taganrog Bay. Temperature, salinity, and density were measured using a CTD probe (Sea-Bird Electronics SBE 19plus), while three-dimensional velocity components were recorded using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP Workhorse Sentinel 600). Based on the collected data, vertical gradients of density and velocity, turbulence fluctuations, and stratification stability parameters were calculated. A semi-empirical parameterization of turbulent viscosity and diffusivity coefficients was developed, taking into account flow shear characteristics, the Richardson number, and vertical velocity fluctuations.</p></sec><sec><title>  Results</title><p>  Results. A new parameterization of vertically inhomogeneous turbulent exchange based on synchronous in situ data is proposed. It is shown that incorporating velocity fluctuations and thermohaline gradients allows for an adequate representation of local mechanisms of turbulence generation and suppression. A comparison with classical turbulence models (k–ε, k–ω, and the Smagorinsky model) demonstrates improved accuracy in reproducing vertical profiles of velocity and density. The root mean square error is reduced by up to 30–40%, while the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency exceeds 0.8.</p></sec><sec><title>   Discussion</title><p>   Discussion. The proposed parameterization provides a more accurate description of the vertical structure of turbulent exchange due to the direct use of measurable environmental characteristics. Unlike traditional models, it ensures pronounced vertical inhomogeneity of exchange coefficients and correctly reproduces stratification zones. The limitations of the approach are related to its dependence on the quality of in situ data and the lack of explicit consideration of unsteady and wave-induced processes.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. A semi-empirical parameterization of turbulent exchange based on high-resolution in situ data has been developed and implemented. Its superiority over classical models in simulating stratified flows is demonstrated. The obtained results can be applied in hydrodynamic models to improve the accuracy of predicting turbulent mixing and transport processes in shallow marine basins.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>турбулентный обмен</kwd><kwd>стратификация</kwd><kwd>число Ричардсона</kwd><kwd>вертикальная диффузия</kwd><kwd>турбулентное перемешивание</kwd><kwd>параметризация турбулентности</kwd><kwd>гидродинамическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>морские системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>turbulent mixing</kwd><kwd>stratification</kwd><kwd>Richardson number</kwd><kwd>vertical diffusion</kwd><kwd>turbulence parameterization</kwd><kwd>ADCP</kwd><kwd>CTD</kwd><kwd>hydrodynamic modelling</kwd><kwd>marine systems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 25−21−00021, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-21-00021</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 25−21−00021, https://rscf.ru/en/project/25-21-00021</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gregg M.C., D’Asaro E.A., Riley J.J., Kunze E. 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