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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vmait</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Computational Mathematics and Information Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2587-8999</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Донской государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">2587-8999-2026-10-3-41-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vmait-246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнительный анализ эффективности обнаружения загрязнений нефтепродуктами водных систем на основе предобученных нейросетевых моделей семейства YOLO и архитектур SMDNetV4 и PSPNet</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of Petroleum-Product Contamination Detection in Aquatic Systems Using Pre-Trained YOLO-Family Neural Network Models and the SMDNetV4 and PSPNet Architectures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5606-1293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усенко</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Usenko</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Александрович Усенко,  аспирант</p><p>344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor A. Usenko, Graduate student  </p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">usenkoigor01@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4670-1210</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соломаха</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solomakha</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Анатольевич Соломаха,  аспирант  </p><p>344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis A. Solomakha, Graduate student  </p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solomakha.05@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9256-363X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колгунова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolgunova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олеся Владимировна Колгунова,  кандидат  физико-математических  наук,  старший  преподаватель  кафедры прикладной математики и информатики </p><p>362025, г. Владикавказ, ул. Ватутина, 44-46 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olesya V. Kolgunova, Candidate of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science </p><p>44-46, Vatutina St., Vladikavkaz, 362025 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kolev2003@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Осетинский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North Ossetian State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Усенко И.А., Соломаха Д.А., Колгунова О.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Усенко И.А., Соломаха Д.А., Колгунова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Usenko I.A., Solomakha D.A., Kolgunova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.cmit-journal.ru/jour/article/view/246">https://www.cmit-journal.ru/jour/article/view/246</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Рассматриваются архитектуры семантической сегментации PSPNet, SMD-Net и YOLO26-Seg для задачи обнаружения нефтяных разливов на спутниковых снимках. Особое внимание уделено сравнению точности сегментации при идентичных условиях обучения. Материалы и методы. PSPNet использует архитектуру ResNet101 с модулем пирамидального пулинга для семантической сегментации. SMD-Net — лёгкая архитектура общей магистрали с двумя декодировщиками и модулями CTGM, CoordAtt, ASPP. YOLO26-Seg сочетает кодирующую магистраль YOLO26 с фиксированными весами и лёгкий декодировщик. Проведён сравнительный анализ метрик: IoU (пересечение над объединением) — отношение пересечения предсказанной и истинной областей к их объединению; Dice (коэффициент Дайса) — мера перекрытия сегментов, вычисляется на основе площади пересечения; accuracy (точность) — доля верных предсказаний среди общего их числа; время вывода — время, потраченное моделью на обработку одного входа. Результаты исследования. PSPNet после обучения на пятидесяти эпохах по существующим маскам набора данных (без ручной разметки) значительно превзошёл SMD-Net по бинарной сегментации нефти (IoU = 0,704, Dice = 0,770, Acc = 0,896) против SMD-Net (IoU = 0,467, Dice = 0,575, Acc = 0,671). Дополнительно обученная YOLO26l-seg показала умеренные пиксельные метрики (IoU = 0,320) при сниженном пороге детекции, что делает её ограниченно применимой для данной задачи. Обсуждение. Выбор архитектуры для сегментации нефтяных разливов определяется компромиссом между точностью и скоростью: PSPNet обеспечивает наилучшее качество, SMD-Net проигрывает по всем метрикам, а YOLO26-SemSeg не способен определять разливы нефтяных пятен без обучения. Заключение. PSPNet значительно превосходит SMD-Net и YOLO26-Seg по бинарной сегментации нефтяных разливов при одинаковых условиях обучения (IoU = 0,704 против 0,467), что подтверждает эффективность архитектуры ResNet101 с пирамидальным пулингом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The PSPNet, SMD-Net, and YOLO26-Seg semantic segmentation architectures are considered for the task of detecting oil spills in satellite imagery. Particular attention is paid to comparing segmentation accuracy under identical training conditions. Materials and Methods. PSPNet uses a ResNet101 backbone with a pyramid pooling module for semantic segmentation. SMD-Net is a lightweight shared-backbone architecture with two decoders and CTGM, CoordAtt, and ASPP modules. YOLO26-Seg combines a YOLO26 encoder backbone with fixed weights and a lightweight decoder. The following metrics are compared: IoU (Intersection over Union), defined as the ratio of the intersection of the predicted and ground-truth regions to their union; Dice (Dice coefficient), a measure of segment overlap based on the intersection area; accuracy, the proportion of correct predictions among all predictions; inference time, the time required by the model to process one input; and the number of trainable parameters. Results. After 50 epochs of training on the existing dataset masks without manual annotation, PSPNet significantly outperformed SMD-Net in binary oil-spill segmentation (IoU = 0.704, Dice = 0.770, Acc = 0.896 versus IoU = 0.467, Dice = 0.575, Acc = 0.671 for SMD-Net). The additionally fine-tuned YOLO26l-seg model demonstrated moderate pixellevel metrics (IoU = 0.320) at a reduced detection threshold, which limits its applicability to this task. Discussion. The choice of architecture for oil-spill segmentation is governed by a trade-off between accuracy and speed: PSPNet provides the highest segmentation quality, SMD-Net performs worse across all metrics, and YOLO26-SemSeg cannot reliably detect oil spills without task-specific training. Conclusion. PSPNet significantly outperforms SMD-Net and YOLO26-Seg in binary oil-spill segmentation under identical training conditions (IoU = 0.704 versus 0.467 for SMD-Net), confirming the effectiveness of the ResNet101 backbone combined with pyramid pooling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сегментирование нефтяных пятен</kwd><kwd>сегментирование</kwd><kwd>глубокое обучение</kwd><kwd>компьютерное зрение</kwd><kwd>сравнение архитектур нейросетей</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oil-spill segmentation</kwd><kwd>semantic segmentation</kwd><kwd>deep learning</kwd><kwd>computer vision</kwd><kwd>comparison of neural network architectures</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22−11−00295−П</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was supported by Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22−11−00295−П</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сухинов А.И., Никитина А.В., Чистяков А.Е. 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