A model of information confrontation based on a two-dimensional percolation-cellular automaton on a closed oriented surface is constructed and implemented programmatically. Numerical experiments were performed. A theorem on the finiteness of a completely positive topological entropy of a given cellular automaton is formulated and proved. As an applied application of the constructed automaton, a retrospective forecast of the results of the Russian Presidential election in 2018 was made both in Russia as a whole and in two regions of Russia. The General logic of using the automaton was as follows. At the preparatory stage, a model of the region was built, which is a field of a cellular automaton. In the case of regions, anamorphic mapping was used, in which each territorial-administrative unit is represented by a certain number of cells that occupy a connected area of the field of the automaton; the areas of these areas are proportional to the number of voters, and if possible, geographical neighbors are preserved. The color of the cell corresponds to a certain political position; for example, if a certain city has 60% support for the President, then this percentage of cells in that city is red. As initial data for the calculation, the results of sociological surveys on support for the current President conducted 6-12 months before the election were taken; the dynamics of the system is modeled using a cellular automaton; for the formed stationary solution, the shares of cells corresponding to the number of supporters and opponents of the President, as well as non-appearance, are calculated; these shares are taken as a forecast of election results. Those constructed in this way showed significantly lower accuracy than forecasts made using standard sociological methods in the last days before the election. However, they can be used for early forecasting. The reason for this difference is that the opinions of voters immediately prior to elections are determined by campaign, and long before the election - the prevalence and embeddedness of value orientations, which is incorporated in the model.

One of the typical situations in information confrontation is that one of the parties has an advantage in the broadcasting resource, while the other party spreads more viral messages. The question arises as to the extent to which these factors can balance each other. In other words, how large should be the advantages of one of the parties in its factor in order to win the information war. The model of information confrontation in society in the presence of excitement is considered. Supporters are believed to be recruited by the two parties by spreading messages through affiliated media. Their supporters participate in participatory propaganda, spreading these messages to other individuals. The model has the form of a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Numerical experiments have been carried out with the model. Within the framework of the experiments, all parameters were recorded, except for the broadcasting intensity of one party and the intensity of the transmission of messages by the other party during interpersonal communication. The values of the first of these parameters were taken with a certain step, and through numerical experiments. One of these parameters was varied, and the value of the second parameter was determined by a numerical experiment, at which the parties have an equal number of supporters at the end of the confrontation. The ratio between the specified parameters is obtained, at which the given party wins. This relationship is linear.

The article discusses the possibilities of using various types of approximations for parametrization of vertical turbulent exchange for calculating and evaluating the hydrophysical characteristics of the wave regime in the accumulative coastal zone of the southwestern corner of the Tsimlyansk reservoir. It is impossible to carry out these studies without using various types and classes of approximations for parametrization of vertical turbulent mixing. Algebraic models for calculating the coefficient of vertical turbulent exchange and semiempirical turbulence models are compared. Using ADCP data on velocity pulsations for several stations to measure hydrological characteristics, the results of parameterization of the vertical turbulent exchange coefficient were analyzed. The developed numerical algorithms and the software package implementing them are used to study the pressure field, the velocity vector field of the aquatic environment and the prediction of the baric field for this section of the reservoir water area.